1 - CLAVICLE – AP
(SUPINE, VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 20 DEGREE TOWARDS THE HEAD)
2 - SCAPULA – AP
(SUPINE)
3 - SCAPULA – LATERAL
(SITTING ERECT)
4 - SHOULDER – AP
(SUPINE) TWO VIEWS TO BE TAKEN THAT IS PALM FACIN UP & PALM FACING DOWN)
5 - SHOULDER – AP ABDUCTED
(SUPINE)
6 - SHOULDER - AP
(AFTER INJURY – SITTING ERECT)
7 - SHOULDER – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY SITTING ERECT)
8 - HUMERUS – AP & LATERAL
(SUPINE (TWO VIEWS TOBE TAKEN ). AP:- PALM OF THE HAND FACING UP . LATERAL:- PALM OF THE HAND ANGLED DOWNWARDS.
9 - HUMERUS - AP
(AFTER INJURY SITTING ERECT)
10 - HUMERUS – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY SITTING ERECT)
11 - ELBOW – AP
(SITTING, WITH THE ARM IN SUPINATION).
12 - ELBOW – LATERAL
(SITTING)
13 - ELBOW – AP SEMIFLEXED
(AFTER INJURY)
14 - FORE ARM – AP
(SITTING , WITH THE ARM IN SUPINATION)
15 - FORE ARM – LATERAL
(SITTING)
16 - FORE ARM – PA
(AFTER INJURY) SITTING WITH THE ARM IN PRONATION AND ELBOW FLEXED).
17 - FORE ARM - LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY ) STANDING OR SITTING (WHICHEVER THE PATIENT IS MORE COMFORTABLE).
Wrist – ap & lat (appolo)
18 - WRIST – PA & ULNAR DEVIATION
(SITTING).TWO SEPARATE VIEWS (1) WRIST PA (2)ULNAR DEVIATION.
19 - WRIST – LATERAL
(STANDING OR SITTING (WHICHEVER IS MORE COMFORTABLE FOR THE PATIENT). THE THUMB SHOULD BE UPPERMOST.
20 - SCAPHOID
AFTER INJURY(SITTING)
21 - HAND – PA & OBLIQUES
SITTING (3 SEPARATE VIEWS)
22 – THUMB - AP
(STANDING)
23 - THUMB – LATERAL
(SITTING)
24 - SINGLE FINGER - LATERAL
(STANDING)
• EXTEND THE FINGER TO BE X-RAYED HORIZONTALLY.
• WHEN THIS VIEW IS TAKEN A HAND PA VIEW (ARM 21) SHOULD ALSO BE TAKEN , AND OBLIQUES (ARM-21) IF REQUESTED BY THE DOCTOR
HEAD
1 - SKULL – LATERAL
(SUPINE HORIZONTAL BEAM) THE PATIENTS HEAD SHOULD BE RAISED ON AFOAM RUBBER PAD)
2 - SKULL – PA
(PRONE, VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 20 DEGREE TOWARDS THE FEET.
• NEVER USE WHEN THERE IS APOSSIBILITY THAT THE FACIAL BONES MAY BE FRACTURED OR WHEN THE PATIENT IS UNCONSCIOUS.
• REMOVE DENTURES , HJAIR GRIPS OR ANYTHING ELSE IN THE HAIR.
• NOSE AND FOREHEAD SHOULD BE AGAINST THE TABLE AND HANDS UNDER THE CHEST.
3 - SKULL – AP
(SUPINE , VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 20 DEGREE TOWARDS THE HEAD)
• USE WHEN THE PATIENT CANNOT BE X-RAYED IN APRONE POSITION.
• THE PATIENTS HEAD SHOULD BE RAISED ON A FOAM RUBBER PAD.
• REMOVE DENTURES, HAIR GRIPS , OR ANYTHING ELSE IN THE HAIR.
• (CENTRE TO THE NASION (root of the nose) BETWEEN THE EYES)
4 - SKULL(OCCIPUT) SEMIAXIAL (TOWNE’S PROJECTION)
(SUPINE , VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 30 DEGREE TOWARDS THE FEET)
• THE PATIENT’S HEAD SHOULD BE RAISED ON AFOAM RUBBER PAD
• REMOVE THE DENTURES , HAIR GRIPS OR ANYTHING ELSE IN THE HAIR .
• CENTRE TO THE TOP OF THE HEAD 7.8cm FROM THE NASION (root of the nose)
5 - SINUSES AND FACE – PA (SITTING ERECT)
6 - SINUSUS AND FACE -SEMIAXIAL ,OR NOSE – PA
(SITTING ERECT, IF THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO SIT ,USE THE SUPINE POSITION.)
7 - SINUSUS ,FACE, OR NOSE –LATERAL
(SITTING ERECT, IF THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO SIT USE THE SUPINE POSITION . DO NOT USE FOR CHILDRENS.)
8 - MANDIBLE – PA
(SITTING ERECT)
9 - MANDIBLE – OBLIQUE LATERAL
(SITTING ERECT)
10 - MANDIBLE - AP
(SUPINE)
• VERTICAL BEAM ANGLEC 30 DEGREE TOWARDS THE FEET.
11 - MANDIBLE – OBLIQUE LATERAL
(LYING ON THE RIGHT (OR LEFT) SIDE ,VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 15 DEGREE TOWARDS THE HEAD.)
LEG
1 - PELVIS – AP
(SUPINE)
2 - HIP JOINT – AP
(SUPINE) LEFT OR RIGHT .
3 - HIP JOINT – LATERAL
(NO INJURY) SUPINE
4 – HIP JOINT LATERAL
(IF FRACTURE IS SUSPECTED)
(SUPINE)
5 - FEMUR – LATERAL
(NO INJURY) LYING ON RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE.
6 - FEMUR – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY) SUPINE
7 - KNEE – AP
(SUPINE) TO FIND SMALL FRACTURES ADDITIONAL OBLIQUE VIEWS MAY BE USED
8 - KNEE – LATERAL
(NO INJURY) LYING ON THE RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE.
9 - KNEE – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY) SUPINE
10 - KNEE – INTERCONDYLAR SPACE
(SUPINE)
11 - PATELLA – AXIAL
(STANDING)
12 - LEG - AP
(SUPINE) TIBIA & FIBULA.
13 - LEG – LATERAL
(NO INJURY) LYING ON THE RIGHT & LEFT SIDE.
14 - LEG – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY – SUPINE)
15 - ANKLE JOINT – INTERNAL OBLIQUE & AP
SITTING ON THE TABLE – TOW SEPARATE VIEWS.
16 - ANKLE JOINT – LATERAL & EXTERNAL OBLIQUE
SITTING OR LYING ON THE TABLE. (LAT & EXT. OBLIQUE.
17 - FOOT & TOES – AP
(SUPINE)
18 - FOOT – LATERAL
(LYING ON THE LEFT (OR RIGHT) SIDE.
19 - FOOT - AP OBLIQUE
(SITTING ON THE TABLE)
20 - FOOT – PA OBLIQUE
(PRONE)
21 - HEEL – SEMIAXIAL
(SUPINE)
22 - HEEL – SEMIAXIAL
(PRONE)
23 - PELVIS & HIP JOINTS – AP
( INFANTS & SMALL CHILDREN – SUPINE )
SPINE
1 - CERVICAL SPINE – PA
(SITTING ERECT)
2 - CERVICAL SPINE – LATERAL
(SITTING ERECT)
3 - CERVICAL SPINE – OBLIQUE
(SITTING ERECT)
4 - CERVICAL SPINE – AP
(AFTER INJURY) SUPINE VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 15 DEGREE TOWARDS THE HEAD)
5 - CERVICAL SPINE – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY) SUPINE HORIZONTAL BEAM.
6 - ODONTOID PROCESS – AP
(FIRST & SECOND CERVICAL VERTBRAE) SUPINE , VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED 10 DEGREE TOWARDS THE HEAD.
7 - CERVICO THORACIC REGION - LATERAL
(SITTING ERECT)
8 - THORACIC SPINE – AP
(SUPINE)
9 - THORACIC SPINE - LATERAL
(LYING ON THE LEFT (OR RIGHT)SIDE).
10 - LUMBAR SPINE – AP
(SUPINE)
11 - LUMBAR SPINE – LATERAL
(NO INJURY) LYING ON THE LEFT (OR RIGHT)SIDE
12 - LUMBAR SPINE – LATERAL
(AFTER INJURY) SUPINE , HORIZONTAL BEAM (USE ONLY AFTER INJURY)
13 - SACRUM– AP (LUMBO SACRAL JUNCTION & SACRO ILIAC JOINTS)
(SUPINE, VERTICAL BEAM ANGLED TOWARDS THE HEAD 10 DEGREE FOR MEN AND 15 DEGREE FOR WOMEN).
14 - LUMBOSACRAL JUNCTION – LATERAL
(LYING ON THE LEFT (OR RIGHT )SIDE)
CHEST
1 - CHEST – PA
(STANDING ERECT)
* MAKE SURE THE PATIENT’S SHOULDERS ARE WELL PRESSED FORWARD.
* TELL THE PATIENT TOBREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
2 - CHEST LATERAL LEFT OR RIGHT
(STANDING ERECT)
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
VIEW:-
* TOP(APEX) OF THE LUNG MUST BE VISIBLE.
* MAKE SURE THE LOWER PART OF THE DIAPHRAGM IS VISIBLE.
3 - CHEST – AP
(SITTING ERECT ON A STOOL OR TROLLY).
* USE THIS POSITION ONLY WHEN THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO STAND.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
* KEEP SHOULDERS FORWARD.
* CHILDREN NEED TO BE HELD FIRMLY ERECT WITH SHOULDERS FORWARD.
* THE PERSON SUPPORTING THE CHILD SHOULD WEAR A LEAD APRON AND LEAD GLOVES .
4 - CHEST – LATERAL LEFT
(SITTING ERECT ON A STOOL , TROLLEY, OR BED
* USE THIS POSITION ONLY WHEN THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO STAND.
* UNLESS ASKED TO DO OTHERWISE BY THE DOCTOR ALWAYS USE THE LEFT LATERAL POSITION.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
* CHILDREN NEED TO BE HELD FIRMLY ERECT.
* THE PERSON SUPPORTING THE CHILD SHOULD BE WEAR A LEAD APRON AND GLOVES.
5 - CHEST – AP
(SUPINE)
* USE THIS POSITION ONLY WHEN THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO SIT OR STAND.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
6 - CHEST – APICAL (LORDOTIC) – AP
(SITTING RECLING BACKWARDS)
* TELL THE PATIENT TOBREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
7 - CHEST LATERAL DECUBITUS(LEFT & RIGHT) - AP OR PA
* LYING ON THE RIGHT OR LEFT SIDE : HORIZONTAL BEAM. ADDITIONAL VIEWS USED TO DETECT FLUID IN THE PLEURAE, PATIENT MUST LIE AGAINST THE CASSETTE HOLDER ON TWO PILLOWS ON THE SIDE. WHERE THE FLUID IS SUSPECTED.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH OUT AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
RIBS
------------
8 - RIBS – OBLIQUE AP
(STANDING OR SITTING ERECT)
* LEFT & RIGHT – TWO VIEWS TO BE TAKEN.
* IF THE PATIENT IS UNABLE TO RAISE HIS ARMS, THEY SHOULD BE HELD OUT FROM THE BODY.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
9 - RIBS - OBLIQUE AP
(SUPINE – RIGHT OR LEFT OBLIQUE)
* SUPPORT THE PATIENT WITH A PILLOW UNDER THE NORMAL SIDE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH IN DEEPLY AND HOLD YHE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
10 - CHEST – AP
(SUPINE – INFANTS WEING UP TO 10kg)
• THE INFANT’S HEAD AND LEGS MUST BE SUPPORTED.
• THOSE SUPPORTING THE HEAD AND LEGS , PERFECTLY THE INFANT’S PARENTS, MUST WEAR A LEAD APRON AND LEAD GLOVES.
• CENTRE THE CASSETTE ON THE TOP OF THE TOP OF TNE CASSETTE HOLDER.
• LIE THE INFANT ON ITS BACK ON THE CASSETTE.
• CENTRE BETWEEN THE NIPPLES.
• EXPOSE WHEN THE INFANT IS NOT MOVING.
• USE A PROTECTIVE LEAD STRIP OVER THE INFANT’S PELVIC AREA
ABDOMEN
1 - ABDOMEN – AP
(SUPINE – ACUTE ABDOMEN)
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH OUT HOLD BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
* THE DIAPHRAGM MUST BE VISIBLE; IF IT IS NOT TAKE ANOTHER ABDOMEN.
* THE PUBIC SYMPHYSIS MUST BE VISIBLE; IF IT IS NOT, TAKE AURINARY BLADDER VIEW.
2 - ABDOMEN – PA
(ACUTE ABDOMEN – STANDING ERECT)
* INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION OR PERFORATION OF GUT).
* PRESS THE PATIENT’S ABDOMEN AGAINST THE CASSETTE HOLDER.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
* MAKE SURE THE DIAPHRAGM IS VISIBLE ON BOTH SIDES.
3 - ABDOMEN – LATERAL DECUBITUS
(LYING ON THE LEFT SIDE THEN ON THE RIGHT SIDE – TWO VIEWS TO BE TAKEN).
* INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION OR PERFORATION OF THE GUT.
* LEFT & RIGHT - TWO VIEWS TO BE TAKEN.
* PATIENT MUST LIE AGAINST THE CASSET HOLDER ON A MATTRESS.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH OUT AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
4 - URINARY TRACT SURVEY – AP
(SUPINE)
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH OUT AND HOLD THE BREATH.
* EXPOSE.
* TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY.
5 - URINARY BLADDER AND INNER PELVIS – (SUPINE)
(SUPINE)
• TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH OUT AND HOLD THE BREATH.
• EXPOSE.
• TELL THE PATIENT TO BREATH NORMALLY
